Effect of a Diabetes Self-Management Program on Self-Efficacy, Glycosylated Haemoglobin, and Quality of Life among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Quantitative Quasi-Experimental Study.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51168/sc909333Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetes self-management programme, Self-efficacy, Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), Quality of life, Quasi-experimental study.Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus requires sustained self-management to maintain glycaemic control and prevent complications. Structured diabetes self-management education can improve patients’ confidence, self-care behaviours, and quality of life.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a Diabetes Self-Management Program on self-efficacy and quality of life and examine the relationships between self-efficacy, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A quantitative quasi-experimental pilot study with a pre-test–post-test design was conducted among 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Medicine Outpatient Department of Sri Guru Ram Das Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and allocated to experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The experimental group received a structured Diabetes Self-Management Program comprising education, an information booklet, telephone follow-up, and motivational messages, while the control group received routine care. Self-efficacy and quality of life were assessed before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis were used.
Results: Mean self-efficacy scores increased from 73.26 ± 9.47 to 106.44 ± 13.22 (p < 0.001). Significant improvements occurred in physical (p = 0.003), psychological, social, environmental, and overall quality-of-life scores (all p < 0.001). Self-efficacy was negatively correlated with HbA1c at baseline (r = −0.420, p = 0.021) and positively correlated with quality of life at post-test (r = 0.481, p = 0.013).
Conclusion: The program was associated with improved self-efficacy and quality of life. Its effect on HbA1c could not be determined because post-intervention values were unavailable.
Recommendations: Larger randomised controlled studies with longer follow-up and complete HbA1c assessments are recommended to establish intervention effectiveness and clinical outcomes.
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