Prevalence of brucellosis among outpatients attending laboratory services at Entebbe regional referral hospital in Wakiso district.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51168/w7fdt519Keywords:
Prevalence of Brucellosis, Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital, Brucella Agglutination Test, Zoonotic Disease, Animal ExposureAbstract
Background:
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by various Brucella species, affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected animals, consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, or contaminated meat. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with brucellosis among outpatients attending laboratory services at Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital in Wakiso District.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 outpatients attending laboratory services. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling. Socio-demographic data, awareness, and behavioral risk factors were collected using structured questionnaires. Venous blood samples were collected and tested for Brucella antibodies using the Brucella Agglutination Test (BAT). Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and presented in frequencies, percentages, tables, and charts.
Results:
The overall prevalence of brucellosis was 5.3% (8/150). The age group 30–49 years had the highest proportion of positive cases (50%), followed by 20–29 years (25%), and ≤12 and ≥50 years at 12.5% each. Out of the 150 participants, 95 (63.3%) were female, and 55 (36.7%) were male. Secondary education was most common (47.3%), and 44% were self-employed. Awareness was low, with 50.7% having never heard of brucellosis, 60.7% unaware of its cause, and 68.7% unable to identify symptoms. The highest prevalence was observed among participants who reared animals (11.5%), followed by pet owners (7.8%), and those consuming meat (6.1%) or dairy products (6.0%).
Conclusion:
Brucellosis remains present among outpatients, particularly adults aged 30–49 years. Low awareness, animal exposure, and consumption of animal products contribute to disease transmission.
Recommendations:
Public health education campaigns should emphasize brucellosis prevention, safe livestock handling, and avoiding raw animal products. Routine screening in health facilities and collaboration between human and veterinary health sectors are essential.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Racheal Namazzi, Anthony Ssekitoleko, Franscisco Ssemuwemba, Hasifah Nansereko, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
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